Architecture Deep Dive

pub struct PoWEngine {
    worker_count: usize,
    difficulty: u8,
    hash_buffer: Arc<Mutex<Vec<u8>>>,
}

impl PoWEngine {
    pub fn new(worker_count: usize, difficulty: u8) -> Self {
        Self {
            worker_count,
            difficulty,
            hash_buffer: Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new())),
        }
    }
    
    pub async fn generate_proof(
        &self,
        data: &[u8]
    ) -> Result<PoWProof, PoWError> {
        let target = Self::calculate_target(self.difficulty);
        let workers = self.spawn_workers(data, target);
        
        // First worker to find valid nonce wins
        let (nonce, hash) = select_all(workers)
            .await
            .map_err(|_| PoWError::NoSolution)?;
        
        Ok(PoWProof {
            nonce,
            hash,
            difficulty: self.difficulty,
            timestamp: unix_timestamp(),
        })
    }
    
    fn spawn_workers(
        &self,
        data: &[u8],
        target: U256
    ) -> Vec<impl Future<Output = (u64, [u8; 32])>> {
        (0..self.worker_count).map(|worker_id| {
            let data = data.to_vec();
            async move {
                let mut nonce = worker_id as u64;
                loop {
                    let hash = Self::compute_pow_hash(&data, nonce);
                    if U256::from_be_bytes(hash) < target {
                        return (nonce, hash);
                    }
                    nonce += self.worker_count as u64;
                }
            }
        }).collect()
    }
    
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compute_pow_hash(data: &[u8], nonce: u64) -> [u8; 32] {
        let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
        hasher.update(data);
        hasher.update(&nonce.to_le_bytes());
        hasher.finalize().into()
    }
    
    fn calculate_target(difficulty: u8) -> U256 {
        U256::MAX >> difficulty
    }
}

pub struct PoHSequencer {
    current_hash: [u8; 32],
    tick_count: u64,
    pending_txs: VecDeque<Transaction>,
}

impl PoHSequencer {
    pub fn new(genesis_hash: [u8; 32]) -> Self {
        Self {
            current_hash: genesis_hash,
            tick_count: 0,
            pending_txs: VecDeque::new(),
        }
    }
    
    pub fn tick(&mut self) -> PoHTick {
        self.current_hash = sha256(&self.current_hash);
        self.tick_count += 1;
        
        PoHTick {
            hash: self.current_hash,
            tick_number: self.tick_count,
        }
    }
    
    pub fn anchor_transaction(
        &mut self,
        tx: Transaction
    ) -> PoHAnchor {
        // Add transaction to pending batch
        self.pending_txs.push_back(tx.clone());
        
        // Build Merkle tree from pending transactions
        let tx_hashes: Vec<[u8; 32]> = self.pending_txs
            .iter()
            .map(|t| t.hash())
            .collect();
        
        let merkle_tree = MerkleTree::new(tx_hashes);
        let tx_index = self.pending_txs.len() - 1;
        
        // Mix Merkle root into PoH chain
        let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
        hasher.update(&self.current_hash);
        hasher.update(&merkle_tree.root());
        self.current_hash = hasher.finalize().into();
        self.tick_count += 1;
        
        PoHAnchor {
            poh_hash: self.current_hash,
            tick_count: self.tick_count,
            merkle_root: merkle_tree.root(),
            merkle_proof: merkle_tree.get_proof(tx_index),
            tx_index: tx_index as u32,
        }
    }
}

pub struct FinalityGuard {
    validator_set: ValidatorSet,
    finality_threshold: f64,
}

impl FinalityGuard {
    pub fn new(validator_set: ValidatorSet) -> Self {
        Self {
            validator_set,
            finality_threshold: 0.67,
        }
    }
    
    pub async fn wait_for_finality(
        &self,
        tx_signature: &Signature
    ) -> Result<FinalityProof, FinalityError> {
        let mut signatures = Vec::new();
        let mut total_weight = 0.0;
        
        // Poll validators for signatures
        while total_weight < self.finality_threshold {
            let new_sigs = self.poll_validators(tx_signature).await?;
            
            for sig in new_sigs {
                if self.verify_signature(&sig, tx_signature)? {
                    let validator = self.validator_set.get(&sig.pubkey)?;
                    total_weight += validator.weight;
                    signatures.push(sig);
                }
            }
            
            tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
        }
        
        Ok(FinalityProof {
            signatures,
            total_weight,
            timestamp: unix_timestamp(),
        })
    }
}

use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use anchor_lang::solana_program::keccak;

declare_id!("ZER1sPr0gr4m11111111111111111111111111111111");

#[program]
pub mod zeris_verification {
    use super::*;
    
    pub fn verify_triple_proof(
        ctx: Context<VerifyProof>,
        pow_proof: PoWProof,
        poh_anchor: PoHAnchor,
        pos_signatures: Vec<ValidatorSignature>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        // Step 1: Verify PoW
        require!(
            verify_pow(&pow_proof, &ctx.accounts.transaction_data.data)?,
            ZerisError::InvalidPoW
        );
        
        // Step 2: Verify PoH sequence
        require!(
            verify_poh_sequence(&poh_anchor)?,
            ZerisError::InvalidPoH
        );
        
        // Step 3: Verify PoS finality
        require!(
            verify_pos_finality(&pos_signatures, &ctx.accounts.validator_set)?,
            ZerisError::InsufficientStake
        );
        
        // All proofs valid - mark transaction as verified
        ctx.accounts.verification_state.is_verified = true;
        ctx.accounts.verification_state.verified_at = Clock::get()?.unix_timestamp;
        
        emit!(VerificationSuccessful {
            transaction_hash: ctx.accounts.transaction_data.hash(),
            pow_difficulty: pow_proof.difficulty,
            poh_tick: poh_anchor.tick_count,
            finality_weight: calculate_stake_weight(&pos_signatures),
        });
        
        Ok(())
    }
}

fn verify_pow(proof: &PoWProof, data: &[u8]) -> Result<bool> {
    let mut input = Vec::new();
    input.extend_from_slice(data);
    input.extend_from_slice(&proof.nonce.to_le_bytes());
    input.push(proof.difficulty);
    
    let hash = keccak::hash(&input);
    let target = U256::MAX >> proof.difficulty;
    
    Ok(U256::from_be_bytes(hash.0) < target)
}

fn verify_poh_sequence(anchor: &PoHAnchor) -> Result<bool> {
    // Verify Merkle proof
    let computed_root = compute_merkle_root(
        &anchor.tx_hash,
        &anchor.merkle_proof,
        anchor.tx_index,
    );
    
    require!(
        computed_root == anchor.merkle_root,
        ZerisError::InvalidMerkleProof
    );
    
    // Verify PoH chain (simplified - actual implementation 
    // would verify against Solana's PoH)
    Ok(true)
}

fn verify_pos_finality(
    signatures: &[ValidatorSignature],
    validator_set: &ValidatorSet,
) -> Result<bool> {
    let mut total_weight = 0.0;
    
    for sig in signatures {
        // Verify signature is valid
        require!(
            sig.verify(&validator_set.transaction_hash),
            ZerisError::InvalidSignature
        );
        
        // Get validator weight
        let validator = validator_set.get_validator(&sig.pubkey)?;
        total_weight += validator.weight;
    }
    
    Ok(total_weight >= 0.67)
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct VerifyProof<'info> {
    #[account(mut)]
    pub verification_state: Account<'info, VerificationState>,
    pub transaction_data: Account<'info, TransactionData>,
    pub validator_set: Account<'info, ValidatorSet>,
    #[account(mut)]
    pub payer: Signer<'info>,
}

#[account]
pub struct VerificationState {
    pub is_verified: bool,
    pub verified_at: i64,
    pub pow_difficulty: u8,
    pub poh_tick: u64,
    pub finality_weight: f64,
}

#[error_code]
pub enum ZerisError {
    #[msg("Invalid PoW proof")]
    InvalidPoW,
    #[msg("Invalid PoH sequence")]
    InvalidPoH,
    #[msg("Insufficient stake for finality")]
    InsufficientStake,
    #[msg("Invalid Merkle proof")]
    InvalidMerkleProof,
    #[msg("Invalid validator signature")]
    InvalidSignature,
}

// Multiple Zeris verifications can execute in parallel
// as long as they don't write to the same accounts

// Transaction 1: Verify tx A
verify_triple_proof(
    verification_state_a,  // Unique account
    tx_data_a,
    validator_set          // Read-only, shared
);

// Transaction 2: Verify tx B (executes in parallel)
verify_triple_proof(
    verification_state_b,  // Different account
    tx_data_b,
    validator_set          // Read-only, shared
);

// No account conflicts → Sealevel parallelizes execution